9316. Amphetamines (qualitative determination)

Amphetamines are a group of narcotic substances with pronounced effects on the nervous system and mental health. In medical and forensic practice, it may be necessary to confirm the use of narcotic substances and identify the specific type involved.

This test detects amphetamines in human blood. It is recommended to perform this test in conjunction with testing for the presence of other narcotic substances in the body.

Amphetamine (short for α-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system stimulant and an anorectic agent, a derivative of phenethylamine. Its mechanism of action is based on the release of neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin). Amphetamine is a recreational psychoactive substance capable of causing psychological dependence.

Pharmacodynamics
Amphetamines increase the release of catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine and dopamine, into the synaptic cleft and inhibit their reuptake.

Pharmacokinetics
The oral bioavailability is 67.2 ± 3%. Following oral administration of a 10 mg dose, the maximum plasma concentration is approximately 20 μg/L, and the volume of distribution is 3-5 L/kg. Approximately 20-30% is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The elimination half-life ranges from 8 to 30 hours and depends largely on urinary pH.

Overdose
Amphetamine overdose is particularly dangerous for the cardiovascular system. Elevated blood pressure and vasospasm may lead to ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. Other life-threatening consequences of overdose may include metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy.

• To ensure the safety of work activities associated with an increased risk to human life and health.
• To assess patient compliance with drug treatment.
• To identify drug use and addiction.

• Venous blood

In order to exclude factors that may affect the test results, we recommend to follow the preparation rules: