3253. PCR. Panel Intestinal parasites. Helminths_9: Enterocytozoon spp./Encephalitozoon spp., Strongyloides spp., Hymenolepis spp., Ascaris spp., Taenia spp., Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Necator americanus (stool, qualitative

Gastrointestinal parasitoses are gastrointestinal tract infections caused by various parasites, most commonly helminths (intestinal worms) or protozoa. The high morphological similarity of eggs between closely related species complicates the use of traditional microscopic diagnostic methods, especially for low-intensity infections.

PCR analysis helps identify and differentiate parasites even in the early stages of infection, allowing for timely treatment and preventing the disease from becoming chronic.

ATTENTION! If testing for bacterial and viral intestinal infections is ordered simultaneously, the samples must be delivered in separate containers.

Helminth infestations are often associated with persistent gastrointestinal disorders. Symptoms of helminth infestations are often more vague than those of acute bacterial or viral infections, and diarrhea is not always the primary symptom. Some helminth infections can lead to organ and tissue damage, inflammation, digestive problems, nutritional deficiencies, and a deterioration in overall health. The substances released by the parasites during their life cycle also have a significant allergic effect. Helminths can cause long-term complications, especially in cases of chronic infection and inadequate treatment.

Most parasites undergo various stages of development during their life cycle: egg, cyst (temporary residence in a protective shell for survival), and mature form. Helminth eggs are usually resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Infected individuals excrete them in their feces, where they can survive in the environment for some time. Traditional stool microscopy does not always allow identification of the pathogen due to intermittent excretion of eggs or cysts. PCR diagnostics is a modern method that detects specific regions of the parasite genome, even in cases of low parasite load or atypical clinical presentation.

This test identifies the following pathogens:

• Enterocytozoon spp. / Encephalitozoon spp. – microsporidia that can cause enteritis, especially in immunocompromised individuals;
• Strongyloides spp. – causative agents of strongyloidiasis, potentially fatal if hyperinvasive;
• Hymenolepis spp. – dwarf tapeworm, a common cause of intestinal dysfunction in children;
• Ascaris spp. – roundworms that cause a hyperechoic reaction and hepatopulmonary symptoms;
• Taenia spp. – the causative agents of taeniasis and taeniasis (beef and pork tapeworms);
• Trichuris trichiura – the hairhead worm, causes trichuriasis with signs of colitis;
• Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus – hookworms that cause iron deficiency anemia and eosinophilia;
• Enterobius vermicularis – pinworms, common among children, cause enterobiasis with anal itching.

Real-time PCR provides accurate differentiation between species and can detect coinfections (mixed infestations).

When?

• For chronic or recurring digestive disorders: diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea.
• If a complete blood count shows eosinophilia without an established cause.
• In case of unsuccessful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
• After traveling to regions with endemic parasitic infections (Asia, Africa, South America).
• If secondary immunodeficiency or a prolonged allergic reaction of unknown etiology is suspected.
• During a routine medical examination, before hospitalization, or before admission to childcare or educational institutions.

Who?

• Adults and children with signs of parasitic infestation or prolonged gastrointestinal disorders.
• Patients with suppressed immune systems (HIV, cancer, post-transplant, immunosuppressive therapy).
• People working in food service establishments, childcare facilities, and agriculture.
• Patients prior to long-term hospitalization or invasive procedures.

• Stool

MATERIAL COLLECTION RULES