1709. Package # 276 (Lipid complex: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, non-HDL-C, AC, Apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein (a))

Package No. 276 'Lipid Complex' enabels to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This package includes a traditional lipid profile and two additional lipid profile indicators: Lipoprotein (a) and Apolipoprotein B.

The package includes a traditional lipid profile and additional indicators: Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein B.

Lipoprotein(a) levels are primarily genetically determined. Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels cause cerebrovascular diseases through mechanisms related to atherogenesis, inflammation, thrombosis, and calcification.

Apolipoprotein B is the main protein component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). LDL contains varying amounts of cholesterol, but each LDL contains exactly one protein, ApoB. Therefore, ApoB is a more reliable indicator of circulating LDL than LDL cholesterol.

Cholesterol (C, cholesterol) is a fat-like substance vital to the body. It participates in the construction of cell membranes (their lipid bilayer); it is a precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. The body synthesizes cholesterol itself (in the liver), but also obtains some from food. So, too much cholesterol in the diet means excess cholesterol in the body.

Most cholesterol in the blood is not free, but bound with proteins – in the form of lipoproteins, which perform various functions. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which transport cholesterol from the liver to other organs, can deposit on arterial walls. LDL has atherogenic properties, which is why it is called "bad" cholesterol. The higher its levels, the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL), on the other hand, transport cholesterol to the liver for utilization and thereby can prevent bad cholesterol from forming plaques. Consequently, HDL has anti-atherogenic properties and is considered good cholesterol.

An important indicator of lipid metabolism is the level of triglycerides in the blood. These are fats that are the body's main energy reserve. They are stored primarily in adipose tissue, and elevated blood levels are often observed in people with diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, and are a risk factor not only for atherosclerosis but also for pancreatitis.

Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in the liver to transport endogenous lipids, such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, to peripheral tissues (primarily adipose, skeletal, and cardiac).

The atherogenic index reflects the ratio of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDL) to antiatherogenic lipoproteins (HDL) in blood plasma. Non-HDL-C is a collection of lipoproteins with atherogenic properties: LDL, VLDL, and their metabolic residues, and lipoprotein (a). Non-HDL-C provides additional information on the risks of atherosclerosis.

1. As a screening tool for people with one or more risk factors:

• age over 45 for men and 50-55 for women;
• high cholesterol in a previous test;
• previous cardiovascular event (stroke, heart attack, etc.);
• smoking;
• overweight or obesity;
• unhealthy diet;
• insufficient physical activity;
• high blood pressure (hypertension);
• having a first-degree relative who developed heart disease at an early age (before age 5.5 for men and before age 65 for women);
• presence of diabetes or prediabetes.

2. To monitor cardiovascular risk after a cardiac event and to monitor changes in these indicators during treatment.

3. In combination with other tests to diagnose diseases that can affect lipid levels, such as pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, and hypothyroidism.

4. For everyone, for screening and assessing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as part of their annual check-up.

• Venous blood

In order to exclude factors that may affect the test results, we recommend to follow the preparation rules: