1094. Package # 4.5 (Lipoproteids fractions + report with the description of lab values)

Panel 4.5 is a comprehensive test that assesses the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Lipid testing can be used to identify people at high risk of CVD before they develop CVD or a heart attack, as well as for dynamic monitoring if pathological changes are detected. This is a routine cholesterol test: cholesterol levels are either normal or at risk.

Cholesterol (TC) is a fat-like substance vital to the body. It plays a role in the construction of cell membranes (their lipid bilayer); it is a precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. The body synthesizes cholesterol itself (in the liver), but also obtains some from food. Therefore, too much cholesterol in the diet leads to excess cholesterol in the body.

Most cholesterol in the blood is not found in a free state, but in a complex with proteins – in the form of lipoproteins, which perform various functions.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which transport cholesterol from the liver to other organs, can be deposited on arterial walls. LDL has atherogenic properties, which is why it is called bad cholesterol. The higher its levels, the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL), on the other hand, transport cholesterol to the liver for utilization and thus can prevent bad cholesterol from forming plaques. Therefore, HDL has anti-atherogenic properties and is considered good cholesterol.
An important indicator of lipid metabolism is the level of triglycerides in the blood. These fats are the body's primary energy reserve.

They are stored primarily in adipose tissue, and elevated blood triglyceride levels are often observed in people with diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, and are a risk factor not only for atherosclerosis but also for pancreatitis.

Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in the liver to transport endogenous lipids, such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, to peripheral tissues (primarily adipose, skeletal, and cardiac). The atherogenic ratio reflects the ratio of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDL) to anti-atherogenic lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood plasma.

With your package, you receive a report describing the laboratory parameters. It describes the indicators and probable typical reasons for their increase or decrease in a simple and clear manner in the form of color infographics.

1. As a screening tool for people with one or more risk factors:

• age over 45 for men and 50-55 for women;
• high cholesterol in a previous test;
• previous cardiovascular event (stroke, heart attack, etc.);
• smoking;
• overweight or obesity;
• unhealthy diet;
• insufficient physical activity;
• high blood pressure (hypertension);
• having a first-degree relative who developed heart disease at an early age (before age 55 for men and before age 65 for women);
• presence of diabetes or prediabetes.

2. To monitor cardiovascular risk after a cardiac event and to monitor changes in these parameters during treatment.

3. In combination with other tests to diagnose diseases that can affect lipid levels, such as pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, and hypothyroidism.

4. For everyone, for screening and assessing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as part of their annual check-up.

• Venous blood

In order to exclude factors that may affect the test results, we recommend to follow the preparation rules: