3189. PCR. HPV 16, 18 (oro/pharyngeal scraping, qualitative determination)
Turnaround time (days): 3
865 ₴
Description
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a member of the Papillomaviridae family and represents the most prevalent pathogen among sexually and perinatally transmitted infections. Perinatal transmission can occur from an HPV-positive mother to her child during natural childbirth. HPV binds to epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes. In most cases, the immune system clears the virus before it causes any clinical manifestations. However, approximately 10% of men and 3.6% of women in the United States develop symptomatic oral HPV infection, which includes a variety of genotypes. Among them, HPV types 16 and 18 are the most oncogenic, as they are strongly associated with cancer development.
Oral HPV infection is more commonly observed in men than in women. PCR amplification of HPV DNA is a highly sensitive method for detecting papillomavirus presence. Qualitative identification of high-risk genotypes, specifically HPV-16 and HPV-18, not only confirms infection and allows for diagnosis but also provides valuable prognostic information regarding the risk of developing HPV-associated malignancies.
When and who needs the test?
- Detection of precancerous lesions or early-stage cancer in the oropharynx caused by HPV;
- diagnosis of persistent oral HPV infection in children and adults;
- ulcers, warts on the lips, mucous membranes of the mouth;
- dysplasias of the oral cavity and oropharynx;
- suspected squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (SCC);
- determining the HPV status of the tumor in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (as per the AJCC 2017 staging guidelines);
- testing for high-risk HPV in patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (neuroendocrine tumors);
- HPV HR (p16) testing in patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of unknown primary origin in the upper or middle cervical lymph nodes (as per the College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines, 2018).
Biological material
- Site-specific scrapings collected depending on the test
Preparing for oropharyngeal swab taking
- Taking the material is carried out on an empty stomach or 2–4 hours after eating.
- Before taking the sample, you should rinse your mouth with drinking water.
In the case of sample collection at a Synevo branch, you will be offered to rinse your mouth with water from a cooler