3118. PCR. Trichomonas vaginalis (urine, qualitative determination)

PCR testing for Trichomonas vaginalis in urine is a non-invasive method for detecting DNA of the trichomoniasis pathogen. It is recommended for symptoms of STIs, urethritis, and infertility, as well as an alternative to a swab or scraping for initial screening in men and women.

Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection that often presents asymptomatically or is asymptomatic, especially in men. This significantly complicates timely detection and facilitates undetected transmission to sexual partners.

In men, the parasite primarily infects the urethra, and in some cases, the prostate gland and epididymis, which can lead to urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, pain, discomfort, and decreased fertility.

In women, T. vaginalis infects the vagina and cervix, causing vaginitis, cervicitis, abnormal discharge, itching, inflammation, and an increased risk of pregnancy complications (preterm labor, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal infection). Without proper treatment, the infection can cause chronic inflammation, dysbiosis, and tuboperitoneal complications, which can interfere with conception or reduce the effectiveness of ART programs (IVF, ICSI).

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a method for directly detecting Trichomonas vaginalis DNA. Its main advantages include:

• high sensitivity, even with a low pathogen load;
• the ability to diagnose at any stage of infection, including asymptomatic cases;
• non-invasiveness – no urogenital swab or scraping is required.

Testing the first portion of morning urine, when the concentration of pathogens in the sample is highest, is particularly informative. This makes the test convenient for screening and examining men, adolescents, pregnant women, and patients with concomitant contraindications to invasive procedures.

• In the presence of symptoms of urethritis: burning, frequent urination, abnormal discharge.
• In men – as an alternative to a urethral swab for initial diagnosis.
• In women – as a non-invasive examination option if STIs are suspected.
• In cases of infertility, especially in the presence of signs of inflammation or negative results from other tests.
• In cases of recurrent urogenital infections or failure of previous treatment.
• For screening in individuals with risky sexual behavior.

• Urine